Posted on by Jón Frímann

Possible minor eruption in Hamarinn volcano yesterday. Update on Katla volcano

There appears to be more in this new hydrothermal activity in Hamarinn volcano then at first sight. It seems that this actually might have a eruption in Hamarinn volcano (Bárðarbunga volcano). If this event is confirmed, this is the first eruption in Hamarinn volcano since the year 1910.

This also mean that there is a chance of more activity in this area in coming weeks or months. But when it might happen is impossible to know.


The new cauldrons are marked with a “X” on this map. Copyright of this picture belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

This eruption was really small and did just last for few hours. But it was able to melt a lot of ice and create rather large glacier flood from Vatnajökull glacier. If the activity resumes in this area this is going to repeat it self in terms of glacier flood.

Icelandic News about this event.

Innskot af kviku (Rúv.is, Icelandic)
Eldgos gæti hafa brotist upp við Hamarinn (Vísir.is, Icelandic, Pictures)
Fundu nýjan sigketil (mbl.is, Icelandic, Pictures)

Sigketill við Lokahrygg (Icelandic Met Office, Icelandic, Pictures)

Update on Katla volcano

Here is a short update on Katla volcano. There have been repeated short burst of harmonic tremors taking place inside the Katla volcano caldera. This harmonic tremor spikes have been small and they are hard to see on the harmonic tremor graph that Icelandic Met Office has on-line. Other then this it has been quiet so far in Katla volcano.

161 Replies to “Possible minor eruption in Hamarinn volcano yesterday. Update on Katla volcano”

  1. Could Hamarinn’s eruption be linked to this year’s Grímsvötn eruption which was supposedly the strongest in 100 years? Do they share the same plumbing system?

    1. Not sure but looks like a line between Grims and Hamarinn so it’s a possibility I suppose. Looks like maybe a fissure opening up in between, Don’t quote me on that. I’m not an expert.

    2. Most likely, Skaftárkatlar (the stars, just the first one to the left is an X) is between Hamarinn and Grímsvötn. Gjálp that erupted in 1996 is on outskirts at the top of Grímsvötn.

      Too me Hamarinn, Bárðarbunga & Grimsvötn is just a triangle where anything can happen in or close by.

  2. Nice illustration. What does the pointed line in the under part of the picture represent?

    1. From the harmonic tremor data. I think was more like three eruptions before the glacier flood started.

      But this area might have more in store soon. But it is hard to know for sure.

  4. Is there anything going on at Katla at the moment? Sorry, I’m new to all this! 😀

  5. Reynir Heiðberg Stefánsson on July 14, 2011, 2:52 PM
    http://www.ruv.is/frett/kvikuinnskot-i-koldukvislarjokli
    Magma intrusion believed to have set off the jökulhlaup from Köldukvíslarjökull. More expected.

    http://www.ruv.is/frett/vatni-hleypt-undir-bruna-um-helgina
    The Road Works thinks the temp. bridge across Múlakvísl will be finished tomorrow, water will be directed under it Saturday morning and everything ready for use as early as Monday.
    http://bigthink.com/ideas/39273

    1. That’s efficiency! Big up for these guys. Where excepted in Iceland can You see such fast reaction… Ah, yeah, in Switzerland maybe… (sorry, just could not hold it back…)
      Seriously, RESPECT!

      1. I go along with you GeoLoco. Greatest admiration for the Icelanders. They are amazing people who live alongside nature not against . I hang my head in shame when 1 cm of “The wrong kind of snow” totally disrupts England…every winter! But we are Brits and I think it is designed to keep our stiff upper lips exercised 🙂 Thank goodness our earthquakes are small and our volcanoes very,very extinct!

      2. If that bridge was being built in the UK it would take at least until monday just to do the risk assessment! 🙂 Diana, while i generally agree with the 1cm of snow thing you mentioned, i have to take my hat off to National Express. I went to Sweden last year during all that snow (we had over 4 inch of it where i live) , the National Express bus was only 30mins late in getting to my town, no roads were clear (including the M5 motorway) but they still managed to get thru. The same could not be said for the trains & planes (we manged to fly a day later). If the Hamarinn volcano did erupt does that mean my wild stab in the dark (back in may) was right? I said at the time that i thought a volcano other than Katla, Hekla (the one’s being talked about at the time) would erupt. Mind you there were enough volcanoes left not being talked about, so i suppose it was a pretty good bet at the time (if it did erupt). 🙂

  7. @Lurking: Any plots on Katla’s recent quakes? See also the post by “or” in the last thread.

    1. Not yet. Just got back from a 240 mile service call and got stuck on the Interstate for an hour since someone rolled a tack truck. (tack is the gunk they put down before they lay asphalt) It makes a pretty good mess when you sling it around in a wreck. 4 to 5 kph for an hour is not fun.

      I may do a plot later this evening.

  8. Jon I am still very unsure which are the harmonic tremors on the IMO graphs. I would recognise one on a single reading seismograph in a very quiet area of land but these spikes have me baffled. Would they ever show on your webicorder at Heklubyggð?
    I was thinking that I am seeing them at the end of this graph?Are they showing in the higher (blue) and mid range (green) frequencies?
    http://hraun.vedur.is/ja/oroi/sly.gif

    1. The blind leading the blind here, but I’ll have a stab anyway!

      I can’t see harmonic tremor on the end of that graph. I can see lots of one-pixel wide spikes in the blue and maybe green bands (I struggle to see the difference on my screen!). There are no spikes in the red band though, I don’t know why. Sometimes spikes are earthquakes, sometimes those earthquakes are big ones that are on the other side of the world. I don’t know if spikes are always earthquakes.

      I think that it doesn’t matter how high up the y-axis the bands are, or whether they are heading up or down. For harmonic tremor, all three colours have to get wider all at the same time. They usually seem to head upwards too, but I don’t know if that is a requirement.

      Anyway, as I say, I’m probably way off the mark, but it was worth a shot! 🙂

    2. The spikes are glacier quakes or just local earthquakes that might only appear on this SIL station. It is hard to know for sure in this case.

  9. I notice that at SKR, after the peak of the harmonic tremor from Hamarinn, it has not dropped back to the background levels from before the start of the tremor, unlike what happened after the Katla tremor earlier.

    The tremor seems to have dropped but then plateaued at a higher level than “normal”.

    Does this indicate that there is still some type of activity going on?

    http://hraun.vedur.is/ja/oroi/skr.gif

  10. @Wurzeldave. I must admit we got some bad snow when I lived at CombeinTeignhead back in 1962.
    Risk assessments were my responsibility in my last job. Thank goodness I have retired! It was beginning to get really silly. Even beyond common sense!

    1. This station is really noise according to what the people at IMO have told me. That is because of traffic and the dam and power production close to it.

  13. Don’t be surprised by this increase activity. Expect much more in the next years.

    Accordingly to some scientists, there is a cycle on the Icelandic hot spot, of 120-160 between periods of much increased volcanic activity.

    Former peaks were observed around 1880, 1730, 1610, 1477, 1350, 1230, 1100, 930.

    In these periods, there is a number of eruptions much higher than average, with increased activity in Vatnajokull, and some very powerful eruptions occurring. This feature for example: Eldgjá in 934, Hekla 1104, Reykjanes 1226, Oraefajokull 1362, Veidivotn 1477, Katla in 1612 and 1625, lots of eruptions in 1720s, and lots of eruptions in 1880s and 1890s, following Askja in 1875.

    So, if this cycle holds, there is going to be lots of eruptions in following years, with perhaps one or two very large fissure or explosive eruption.

    1. It seems like we are in an interesting time with Icelands volcanoes at the moment, lets just hope there are no Laki style eruptions!!

  14. new red dot on the EQ map on the IMO website for Katla..doesn’t say what strenght it was…could be a glitch..

  15. Here’s my prediction. Katla will resume harmonic tremors tomorrow night followed by EQ swarm, then some large quakes Sat night and Sunday with an eruption Monday morning.

    …the volcano psychic

    1. and Katla will always be quiet just before it erupts so don’t be lulled into complacency.

      Its the same way before people pass. They get miraculously well and alert just before.

    2. Yup! It’s Friday and Tonight things will start again . Maybe Lurking can make
      a graph to show correlation between weekends and seismic activity 🙂

  17. And a bit of way-back for you.

    http://i52.tinypic.com/21k9dur.png

    This is a cross section of the area from Eyjafjallajökull to Katla from prior to the Eyjafjallajökull eruption until now.

    In this plot, you can see the relationship of the number of quakes that occurred. Note the humongous wad of quakes that accompanied the re-awakening (at the time) Eyjafjallajökull.

    Katla, by comparison, seems sedate… but fidgety.

    1. Very nice job. Did You try to correlate this picture and the patterns that seem to be recognizable with seismic wave velocities? Do the “clusters” clearly meet the chamber location? Do we clearly know that the shallow horizontal “lines” match with dikes possibly relating the both sisters? This picture makes me want to leave everything else and go until I know… Thanks.

    2. Thanks again Lurking. One graph can say more than words… however as you so often point out statistics and graphs can be manipulated!! But this one is an excellent comparison. OK! OK! You cannot compare Volcanoes and make assumptions.

      Oh how I love this site!
      Now for those people like myself who do not know Iceland well and find it difficult to place where each station, mountain, river or valley is I find this site most helpful. It also shows the country’s beauty. 🙂
      http://www.nat.is/car%20rental/local_maps_around_iceland.htm

      1. Diana,

        here is a more detailed online map of Iceland by the National Survey of Iceland – accually you can choose between a simple map, detailed atlas map, areal image and infrared image.
        When you use the search button the place you search for is highlighted with yellow colour. You might need to zoom out to see the spot as the map does not automatically move to the named place.

        Enjoy!

        http://atlas.lmi.is/kortasja_en/

      2. My Husband sends you his thanks Or. This map is keeping me quiet and also I have stopped talking volcanoes for a while and I now am all excited at terrific views of glacial features!! This really is Good:)

        (Joins GeoLoco in the Dopamine addicts corner)

      3. You and your husband are most welcome Diana.

        Yes – all of this online geo stuff is addictive but nothing beats the fealing of refreshing north by north-east breeze in your face when you have put your walking boots on and head into the wilderness of the Icelandic highlands (or lowlands).

        And lying beside a frisky & fresh mountain creek chewing on a straw watching the clouds move, form and deform is a true bliss 😉

      4. You shall see it’s a nice corner. An the walls are painted with pictures of Or’s extremely romantic stories of Iceland’s outdoor life… 🙂
        You guys are crazy – I feel well in Your company… Hahaha (excessive, fat laughing…)

      5. Oh Or! I know that feeling well. I used to spend weekends walking the moorland hills where I live, where only myself and the moorland birds come between the earth and sky. Alas. I can no longer walk the moors on my own and itis sad that the peace of such places is described by my family as bleak and “There is nothing there.” Thank goodness for sites like this to keep me sane. (Well as sane as I ever will be!). If ever you or anyone else comes to the North of England then I will happily take to to such places and show where mesolithic people once hunted reindeer and the iron age tribes first cultivated the slopes and even the Vikings made their homes here. We have many Norse named fields and hills. 🙂

      6. That is a tempting offer Diana – North of England is definately on my list of places to visit 🙂

    3. Thank you Lurking!

      That is quite something. Great plot!
      According to this comparison (http://i52.tinypic.com/21k9dur.png) we should see alot more activity before something drastic happens in Katla, right? – Probably some weeks or months at least, although she might be quite unpredictable.

      It would be interesting for comparison to see similar plots for other resent eruptions like Grímsvötn, Hekla and Gjálp. But i imagine it takes alot of work to do.

      Hekla which is an active volcano (erupts about every 10 years now) gives little warning before eruption – only about half an hour – Eyjafjallajökull which was silent for almost 200 years gave lots and lots of warnings for a long time. Katla has been (mostly) silent for almost 100 years is showing signs of something – but might give less warnings than Eyjafjallajökull as Katlas silence has lasted about 100 years less time than his.

    4. Lurking
      Would it be a sensible conclusion to assume that the swarm of quakes on your plot (http://i52.tinypic.com/21k9dur.png) underneath Eyjafjallajökull is showing the outlines of the magma chamber / magna chambers?
      -A big one underneath Fimmvörðuháls and a smaller one underneath Eyjafjallajökull itself?

      1. First of all… remember that a magma “chamber” isn’t really a hole with a bunch of magma in it. A magma “chamber” is most likely going to be made up of a highly fractured region with a spider-web of interconnected passages that has melt accumulated in it.

        In all likelihood, magma opening these chambers up and filling them is what you see in the plot. It’s several months worth of data, and the initial lead-in where the magma came up from the mantle is not in the plot. (the file with those quakes is huge)

        Fimmvörðuháls is not labeled in that plot, but it sits right about 19° 26W. It did it’s thing then petered out. A set of quakes went off about 3 to 5 km down and shot over to the main crater from this wad of quakes (which had been accumulating there the whole time) and then the main Eyjafjallajökull eruption went off.

        If you dig around on the word “tornillo” you may find some interesting literature on what those “screw shaped” quakes may be. I have only seen them confirmed for Galeras (Columbia) where they were first seen. There were similar looking waveforms for Redoubt and other volcanoes, so they may be a common phenomena. They are related to the intrusion of magma into the highly fractured areas.

        —

        Now, about your two quakes.

        Within the Icelandic digital seismic network, SIL (Figure 1.6), the estimate for reading accuracy for the first arrival is 0.1 s, which corresponds to a distance of roughly 650 m for P-waves (Slunga and Rögnvaldsson, 1995) and therefore earthquake locations have formal estimates of location accuracy in the range 500-700 m for the horizontal coordinates and about 1000 m in depth. Using crosscorrelation and double-difference techniques on similar waveforms, it is possible to reduce the error of reading the first arrival down to sub-sample accuracy (<10 ms) as well as minimize the effect of errors in structure and hence reduce location error as far down as tens of meters.

        http://en.vedur.is/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/2010_003rs.pdf

        The depth separation was about 2.519 km, the time separation was 534.56 minutes. That works out to something moving about 0.0785 m/s. No one can say that it’s magma since we can’t go down there and poke it with a stick to see what it does. It’s not a seismic “wave” of any sort since it’s well below the ≈4.2 km/s S-wave velocity, even if you give it an error factor of ±100 meters. And, since Graboids are a fictional entity, it can’t be them. For now, let’s just call it the Great Unknown Stressor (GUS)

        It’s going to take a while before we know if GUS actually indicates magma on the move. It’s highly likely, given the settings. This could very well be magma recharging Katla’s plumbing. If you think about it… wasn’t Katla already supposed to be charged? Wasn’t that part of what the cryptodome over under Godabunga was all about?

        By the way, the quake cluster in my plot is well away from Godabunga, so those are different entities themselves.

        Dunno. We are just gonna have to wait and see.

      2. Thank you Lurking – that is informative – I will have to read your comment a few times though 🙂

      3. And… I continue… I guess.

        It’s way to early to try and guestimate or fit a trend line to what these two quakes mean, or try and determine how long until whatever it is comes near the surface. IF they are related, and IF we get some more of them, they maybe we can do that.

    1. If I look hard enough to see what You mean (I belong to those able to – sometimes scares me… 🙂 ), I can even see similar “startings” at 2-3 other stations. But honestly, let’s be a little patient, this is nearly silly pre-prediction. I’m afraid we share a big, huge, tremendous dopamine problem…

      3. Undeniable! (whatever it may mean or lead to… 🙂 )
        Yeeeeeeeah, feel the dopamine kick? This stuff is sooo good!!! lol

  19. Lurking, its a little busy on the SAF this week. Interesting swarm in the Imperial Valley and a 3.2 on the EF.

    1. Yeah… been glancing over at that. You have to wonder how many of these little stress waves have to arrive before the rubble pile of Southern California shifts. I call it that since it fits. Many of those crust blocks rotate both vertically and horizontally over millions of years. This serves two purposes. Absorbing stress, and making it hard to figure out what is going on.

  20. GeoLoco 😛

    I’m just trying to learn the difference between interesting parts and non-interesting parts for times when Jon might be too busy, or away.
    I think I got it right this time, but it probably won’t lead to anything anyway! 🙂

    1. If it wasn’t a lack of decency, objectivity and respect to this nice and serious blog I’d explain You there are signs for one or the other serious bang in Iceland and at some other interesting spots on the blue ball. No fear mongering, just facts, bit that might be a little hazy as many of our analytic methods are quite young and miss long time experience and calibrated results. But one thing is clear, the last century in general was calm in terms of natural hazards. Just look at the “stones”, they have a lot to tell, and maybe we don’t always understand them, but they don’t lie..

      1. Hi Jon et al. Finding you blog interesting, informing and intuitive, with a good dose of humour. Have back round in natural sciences. Just a thought on Geolocos’ comment, wondering if those ideas/signs involve GMR and if so what you think. Understand it might be contentious but thats where science starts. Studying what we think we know and trying to understanding what we don’t.

      2. Wasn’t thinking specially of GMR. I’m more the guy for the classic and especially geology, athmosphere and astronomy based phenomena and their effects on evolution. Wild is ok, but in matters of theories only if You have solid and logical arguments / ways of thinking.
        But hey, we always learn. You’ll have me googling around to know what’s behind GMR. I’ll wait till I understand before I decide what I think of You… 🙂

      3. Off track here… but one “idea” that I heard involved the Pacific plate fracturing and making two out of one. The “idea” didn’t even have the common decency to incorporate the alignment of the ancient fracture zones which you can see on any seafloor map of that basin. These Fracture Zones would be pre-existing weaknesses and would likely be manifest in any disastrous event of that sort.

        Details… fearmongerers tend to forget them.

      4. They forget about “details”, but also about nature capacity for “innovations”. Understanding nature means understanding all that “can be done” with the elements and dynamics that are available.
        Often makes me smile, they try to draw terrific scenarii and stay at such a basic level… 🙂

      5. OT -There’s a group currently promoting the idea of creating a separate state for the southern California area. Apparently they have not realized the irony in their movement inasmuch as they have very little choice in the matter!!

  21. Due to plan changes, I am going to quit my summer job on 29. July. That means more updates are going to happen after that date.

    But this also means that I am going to live longer in Iceland then I planned and it is going to take a bit longer to pay down my debts then I was hoping for.

    More on this later in a long off-topic comment. When I try to explain what is going on so to speak.

  23. Yuppie! Something rare is happening now in South Iceland! A thunderstorm!

    Something that happens on average once per 3 years. But its real, it was a warm day for the polar summer, 25ºC here, and very sunny, but soon the clouds gave way to a big shower and some thunders. Still, nothing compared to the common storms in Europe or the US.

    This is my second time I see lightnings in Iceland. The first one was during Grimsvotn eruption. Eeheh

      1. Irpsit…What an exciting day for you. Do you feel the dopamine rush? LOL. I love thunderstorms.

      2. I think you guys should also include the neurotransmitter, “Norepinephrine” while your talking about brain chemistry. The combination of this and dopamine is very addictive to some who don’t feel alive otherwise. There is a group of people who need danger to feel alive as they otherwise are so fragmented from their true self as to feel dead.

      3. Yuk no thanks, have enough panic attacks as it is. I try not to get my adrenaline going if I can help it cause I make to much.

    2. We had fat ones these last 2 weeks. Sooooo thrilling to see their build-up on radar and pressure (english?) curves. And to see in the sky what in parallel You watch on the radar. Then the sky meets the earth and yeeeeeaiiihh… But it can lead to a pretty mess, and people call me when there are landslides, that always means I’ll have to be very serious. And as Wilde said, seriousness is the only refuge of the shallow… Pffffffffff…

  24. Thx for the great and addictive site and blog. Would you please consider an iphone app, I’d be more than willing to pay for this info. How would you estimate the chances of vulcanic activity in Iceland influencing European agriculture. I found it worrying that the french revolution has in part a cause in food shortages after an outburst of an Icelandic vulcano according to some.

    1. I don’t own a iphone and I do not know how to write a iphone app. But this web site is mobile phone compatible if you where worrying about that.

    2. Ronner, my own personal belief outside of the science of Volcanology, which is very dangerous to express here, IS: Stock up on food now while you can!

      If you send Jon your email address, I will have Jon send you mine. I have some very interesting information along the lines of your question, some of it related to futures.

      1. I totally agree Ron about stocking up and am already doing just that. Also stocking up on water, which I think will be one of the most important things to have especially if the water supply becomes compromised in some way (and if you stock up on dried foods!). We have family in Japan who were affected by the tsunami and earthquake. They have a system out there where citizens fill their baths with water whenever there is a major natural event to ensure they have enough clean water to last for a few days.

  25. Luis I can see the snout of the glacier and just below seems to be a braided river on the flat valley bottom, I am wondering if the apparent movement of water could be light relecting and causing apparent movement as the light direction changes. However it could be a small flood. Interesting and well spotted!

  27. Please may a newcomer post a comment – many years ago (1966) at the icelandic scout jamboree at Hredavatn we had a magnificent thunder storm when a few of us went up Graubrok; I still have a spindle bomb from there in my study!! More relevant, tho’ is there a web site that gives a ‘diagram’ of the sub-glacial morphology of dear Katla; secondly what is the size – very approx – of the cauldrons ot the surface.
    Please keep up the comments – most valuable, we don’t have many eruptions on Norfolk!!

    1. Alan – you have the Norfolk Broads which are stunning in their own right 🙂

  28. He site works great on a mobile phone! Almost always checking this site wit my blackberry andere works perfectly for me,
    Ever since i,m following this site wondering wat age jou are jon, because jou talk about school much, your making a great blog thoug andere i keep on reading andere checking this blog daily do keep up he good work.

    1. works well on an ipod too….. have been logging in to the site before getting out of bed in the morning – am so keen to find out what has been happening during the night in the iceland volcanoes…. can’t wait to get to a proper computer. Anyway – this and IMO work fine.

    2. @ramona, I am 30 years old. I am going to be 31 years old tomorrow. I have not properly finished school yet, so I am trying to do so now. But it has been paved with money problems so far.

      I am planning on finish my school in Denmark. But I am going to take two semesters this year in Iceland now.

      2. yes, happy birthday,… lets hope you get a day off from the volcanos and have a nice birthday

      3. Happy Birthday in advance Jon & good luck with everything in the future!

    1. Email Jon your email address and ask him to send you mine if he doesn’t mind. We can talk offline then 🙂

  30. Friday
    15.07.2011 21:12:59 63.637 -19.127 1.2 km 3.0 62.38 6.1 km E of Goðabunga
    Friday
    15.07.2011 17:37:33 63.598 -19.094 0.1 km 1.2 39.63 2.0 km N of Hábunga

  31. That 3.0 makes me a little nervous. It´s been a while since Katlas caldera has shown such activity. The depth at 1.2km might refefr to what Jon called the upper magma chamber.

      1. Seems to me that this only shows on Goðabunga, can’t find confirmation for anything except the 1R, no 3R

  34. Isn’t there a thunderstorm in the area?
    It might be a weather artifact.

  35. Yes, there was a thunderstorm here from between local 6pm to 7pm. I live about 100km west from Katla. Now the weather is very calm and sunny again, and still warm!

  36. In this warm weather I would expect the glacier to melt a bit quicker than normal. Which might be what all the spikes at hvo are. Could cause a few glacier related quakes too.

  37. @jon always good to get your degree!
    i hope for you that your plan will workout right this time andere that you can move back tot denmark after a while, in the mean time hope that something exithing will take place soon (not to exiting though) but a bit more then he downgraded 3…….

  38. Jón,
    I wish you a Happy Birthday and may all your plans succeed!
    Congratulations for your great blog!
    Just wanted to ask if the spikes at your geophone around 22:30 were noise.
    Good luck, Jón!

  40. Happy birthday Jon , and hope you have a great day and many more to come .

  41. happy birthday Jon.
    if this blog is you following your dream, it is so worth it. have you tried raising funds on an online crowdfunding site? I used one to raise funds to come to iceland this summer…

    we get lots of thunderstorms here in Australia- have been a lot lately even in the winter. they are definitely a dopamine rush! didn’t realise they are rare in Iceland. have seen pics of the lightning that occurs during eruptions in iceland though. is this eruption lightning caused by heat of eruption, static or something else? is there any correlation between extreme weather and volcanic eruptions (or is this more pattern-behaviour seeking)?

    RonF- your theory sounds intriguing. dangerous as a lightning bolt?

  42. Happy Birthday Jon and Many Happy Returns of the day.
    Today is your day so relax and enjoy.
    (((((Hugs))))))

  44. Happy Birthday Jon! Good luck for school and finding a Job. It eats all of Your time, but You have money to pay shelter and food… And the chicks love it (am kidding, my wife and I had nothing when we met, except our heads filled with plenty on information and our hearts full of hope 🙂 )

  45. Happy Birthday Jón!
    Wishing you every success and happiness you wish for.
    Thank you for a great blog.

  47. Happy Birthday Jon.

    Your blog is very cool for informations about Icelandic Volcano’s !

    Great Job !

  49. HAPPY BIRTHDAY JON!!!
    Much as I luv ’em, i hope Katla, Hekla, Ekky, Hammy, and Grimmy decide to keep quiet today so you can have a good day!

  50. Happy birthday Jón and a lot of succes with your study!
    And thank you so much for your interesting, inspiring blog.

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