Author: Jón Frímann

Posted on

Two earthquakes connected to Fagradalsfjall volcano

Today (5. October 2023) two earthquakes took place that are connected to Fagradalsfjall volcano inflation. The first one was a magnitude Mw3,3 in Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcano. This was a tectonic earthquake because of inflation in Fagradalsfjall volcano. The second earthquake was north of Grindavík town and had a magnitude of Mw3,2. That earthquake was part of an earthquake swarm and dyke intrusion in that area. That area north of Grindavík town has been seeing a lot of earthquake activity in recent weeks, all connected to dyke intrusion activity.

Two green stars on Reykjanes peninsula that are connected to inflation in Fagradalsfjall volcano.
Two green stars on Reykjanes peninsula. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

The increase in activity in recent weeks strongly suggests that an eruption is going to happen soon. When is impossible to know and earthquake activity is too low at the writing of this article for an eruption to be happening today. This might change without warning, as has happened in the last two eruptions. There is a possibility that something has changed after the last eruption, but the answer to that question won’t happen until next eruption. All that can be done now is to wait and see what happens.

Posted on

Strong earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano

Today (4. October 2023) at 16:11 UTC an earthquake with magnitude of Mw4,7 (Icelandic Met Office) or Mw5,0 (EMSC) took place in Bárðarbunga volcano.

Green star and red dots in Bárðarbunga volcano that is located north-west in Vatnajökull glacier.
Earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

This is normal inflation earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano and large earthquakes like this happen every few months. This means that Bárðarbunga volcano continues to inflate after the eruption in 2014 to 2015. This earthquake activity is not going to result in a eruption and won’t result in a eruption for a long time.

Posted on

Earthquake swarm in Reykjanes volcano (ongoing)

Today (27. September 2023) an earthquake swarm took place in Reykjanes volcano on Reykjanes peninsula. This earthquake swarm is ongoing at the writing of this article. At the writing of this article, the largest earthquake had a magnitude of Mw3,3 and the second largest earthquake had a magnitude of Mw3,1.

Green star on the Reykjanes peninsula in the Reykjanes volcano, there's also a green star at Reykjanestá that is next to the ocean. A lot of orange and red dots at this same location.
Earthquake activity in Reykjanes volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

The source of this earthquake swarm seems to be magma intrusion into this part of Reykjanes volcano. I don’t know if this is going to result in a eruption, this earthquake activity seems to be too low for that to happen. That might change without warning, as sometimes happens with volcanoes. This is at least highly active time period now and what is going to happen is unclear.

Posted on

Earthquake in Kleifarvatn lake

Yesterday (26. September 2023) at 18:42 UTC an earthquake with magnitude of Mw3,3 took place in Kleifarvatn lake. Few smaller earthquakes followed this earthquake, both before and after.

Green star in Kleifarvatn lake in Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcano. A lot of other earthquakes activity is also happening on Reykjanes peninsula at the moment.
Earthquake activity in Kleifarvatn lake. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

This earthquake is possibly because of an inflation in Fagradalsfjall volcano that is to the west of this location. There is no sign that an eruption is about to start at this location in Kleifarvatn lake.

Posted on

Earthquake swarm in Brennisteinsfjöll volcano

I am sorry that I am late on writing this article. I was moving from Denmark to Iceland and that was a lot of effort and I’ve been tired after this move.

On Sunday, 24 September 2023 an earthquake swarm took place in Brennisteinfjöll volcano, in a area called Geitarfell (Goat Mountain) in Brennisteinsfjöll volcano. Largest earthquakes had a magnitude of Mw3,0 to Mw3,2. A lot of smaller earthquakes took place at this same location.

Yellow dots at the location where the Sunday earthquake swarm took place. There's a lot of earthquake activity on the Reykjanes peninsula at the moment. Shown with two green stars, one at Svartsengi and the other in Kleifarvatn lake.
Yellow dots show the Sunday earthquake activity. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

This earthquake activity didn’t have any short term signs that an eruption is about to happen at this location. I don’t know when last eruption took in this location, but it was clearly more than 6000 years ago.

Earthquake webicoders

Since I have moved back to Iceland. I am now recording earthquakes again. The webicoders are going to go online tomorrow (if no delays). They can be found here once they are back online.

Posted on

Earthquake swarm north of Grindavík town

Today (18. September 2023) there was an earthquake swarm north of Grindavík town. Largest earthquake had a magnitude of Mw2,7 and was felt in Grindavík town according to Icelandic Met Office. This earthquake activity has the direction of SW to NE and is under the road to Grindavík town.

Earthquake activity north of Grindavík town. Shown with orange dots on this map from today.
Earthquake swarm activity north of Grindavík town. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

This is clearly a dyke intrusion taking place at this location. This location is bad, because this area has infrastructure that is important to Grindavík town. In this area both hot and cold water is transported along with electricity wires (I think, they might have a different path, but it is at most nearby). Eruption at this location would be a major hazard and a problem. Currently there are no signs that this magma is looking for a path to the surface.

Posted on

High earthquake activity in Fagradalsfjall volcano

Yesterday (15. September 2023) an earthquake swarm took place on Fagradalsfjall volcano. This earthquake swarm wasn’t in the news because it was only small earthquakes, that is earthquakes with magnitude less of Mw1,0. It was not even felt by the people standing on the volcano because of depth. If this earthquake swarm has stopped I don’t know. Since most of this earthquakes don’t show up in the automatic earthquake list at Icelandic Met Office website. They only appear after a manual review by Icelandic Met Office.

A lot of orange dots on Fargradalsfjall volcano showing high level of earthquake activity in the volcano.
High earthquake activity in Fagradalsfjall volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

In my view, this means that next eruption might happen between November to February 2024 if this earthquake activity and dyke intrusion activity continues as it is currently doing. It has happened before earlier eruptions that a high period of activity is followed by a period of quiet until an eruption happens. Why that is I don’t know, that is a pattern I’ve observed. I don’t know if there has been change after last eruption in Fagradalsjall volcano. That is a possibility that should not be ruled out.

Posted on

Earthquake swarm close to Geirfugladrangur island

On Monday 11. September 2023 an earthquake swarm took place close to Geirfugladrangur island out on the Reykjanes ridge. Largest earthquake had a magnitude of Mw3,4. Other large earthquake had magnitude of Mw3,2 and Mw3,0. Other earthquakes where smaller in magnitude, according to Icelandic Met Office, but this earthquake swarm has not been reviewed yet so magnitudes might change when that happens.

Green stars and yellow dots on Reykjanes ridge far from the coastline that shows the location of this earthquake swarm. Its in the more deeper areas of the Reykjanes ridge.
Earthquake swarm on the Reykjanes ridge. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

Earthquakes in this earthquake swarm where not felt, because of distance from the coastline and populated areas.

Posted on

Increased hydrothermal activity between Keilir mountain and Trölladyngja mountain

Rúv News is reporting today (10. September 2023) that there has been noticeable increase in hydrothermal activity east of Keilir mountain since end of least eruption close to Litli-Hrútur mountain. According to the news, this shows that magma is now close to the surface without erupting currently. This area is rather large, it is between Keilir mountain and Trölladyngja mountain (part of Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcano). There have been reports of increased SO2 vents that is killing moss in this area, along with new steam vents that have been appearing in the last few weeks.

According to Þorvaldur Þórðarson volcanologist, there is a magma shadow in the area around Trölladyngja and that appeared around the time the eruption close to Litli-Hrútur started. This area was noticed by Thomas Fisher earthquake expert from Czech Republic did notice this area having almost no earthquakes at all. Showing that magma has pushed it self into the crust at this location at shallow depth.

The result of this is that next eruption might have more eruption vents, it might erupt at more than one fissure at the same time in parallel. What happens next is unclear, but this large area has gotten really warm and seems to be continuing to expand.

Rúv news

Fylgjast vel með auknum jarðhita austan við Keili (Rúv.is, has map of the area)

Posted on

Earthquake swarm in Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcano

During the night of 9. September 2023 an earthquake swarm started at 03:24 UTC with a magnitude Mw3,8 earthquake. This earthquake was felt in Reykjavík area and other nearby areas.

Green star and red dots in Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcano on the Reykjanes peninsula. There are also many other dots over the Reykjanes peninsula showing earthquake activity in other volcanoes.
Green star in Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met office.

Its unclear if this earthquake swarm is ongoing. There is a lot of earthquake activity in this area because of inflation in Fagradalsfjall volcano.