Category: Bárðarbunga

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Earthquake swarm in Bárðarbunga volcano

This morning (17-December-2018) an earthquake swarm started in Bárðarbunga volcano. Largest earthquake in this swarm had magnitude of 3,6. Other earthquakes have been smaller in magnitude.


Earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

This earthquake activity is a sign that Bárðarbunga volcano has not slowed down on inflating. I don’t know how much the inflation is since I have not seen GPS data for Bárðarbunga volcano in a while.

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Earthquake in Hamarinn volcano

Today (23-November-2018) at 21:35 UTC an earthquake with magnitude of 3,5 took place in Hamarinn volcano (No GVP, is under Bárðarbunga volcano, also known as Loki-Fögrufjöll). Last unconfirmed eruption was in July 2011 and lasted ~12 hours. It resulted in a glacier flood and did not break the glacier. That eruption was only visible on harmonic tremor measurements.


Hamarinn volcano activity (green star to the left). Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

It is possible that more activity is on the way, before the eruption in 2011 there was a increase in earthquakes in Hamarinn volcano. The same pattern seems to be happening now. The July 2011 eruption started without any earthquake activity, suggesting that magma is shallow in the crust already and doesn’t need any major change in pressure to start an eruption.

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Two earthquakes in Bárðarbunga volcano

Today (12-November-2018) at 19:21 and 19:23 UTC two earthquakes took place in Bárðarbunga volcano. The first earthquake had a magnitude of 3,6 and the second earthquake had magnitude of 3,3. Other earthquakes that have happened so far have been smaller in magnitude.


Earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

This earthquake activity is ongoing in Bárðarbunga volcano.

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Magnitude 4,6 earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano

At 00:08 UTC on 23-October-2018 a magnitude 4,6 earthquake took place in Bárðarbunga volcano. This is the strongest earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano for at least three months. A second earthquake with a magnitude of 3,5 happened at 00:12 UTC. This earthquake activity had earlier smaller earthquakes happening in Bárðarbunga volcano. It started yesterday (22-October-2018) with few minor earthquakes.


Earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

Other earthquakes in this earthquake activity were smaller in magnitude. This type of earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano is now common after the end of the eruption in 2015.

Update on 24-October-2018

Icelandic Met Office has revised the magnitude of few of the earthquakes that happened in Bárðarbunga volcano. Now the magnitudes of the largest earthquakes are magnitude 3,9, magnitude 4,6 and magnitude 3,5.


Updated map of the earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

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Article updated at 15:17 UTC on 24-October-2018.

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Earthquake activity in Öræfajökull and Bárðarbunga volcanoes

This is article is set-up in this way to save me some time due to the fact that I have to go to work tomorrow at 07:00 UTC (this is until 23rd October 2018).

Öræfajökull volcano

Since yesterday (01-October-2018) there has been a earthquake swarm in Öræfajökull volcano. There has been several dozen earthquakes in this earthquake swarm. Most of them are small. Largest earthquake in this swarm had a magnitude of 3,1 and was felt on nearby farms (there is no town or village close to Öræfajökull volcano). This earthquake swarm is currently ongoing.

Bárðarbunga volcano

A magnitude 3,0 and 3,6 earthquakes happened in Bárðarbunga volcano today. The smaller earthquake happened early in the morning but he larger one at 13:08 UTC. There hasn’t been any large amount of earthquake activity following this earthquakes. This is now the normal pattern of Bárðarbunga volcano since the eruption 2014 – 2015 (Holuhraun).


Earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga and Öræfajökull volcanoes. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

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Magnitude 4,2 earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano

Today (14-September-2018) at 10:40 UTC an magnitude 4,2 earthquake took place in Bárðarbunga volcano. Second largest earthquake in this swarm had a magnitude of 2,9. Other earthquakes that happened were smaller in magnitude.


Green star is the magnitude 4,2 earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

This earthquake activity is normal for Bárðarbunga volcano as it continues to inflate after the eruption 2014 – 2015. At the moment the rate of this magnitude earthquake seems to be around 1 earthquake each month. It seems that rate of earthquakes is continuing to drop and soon it is going to be one to two earthquakes a year like this in Bárðarbunga volcano.

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Earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano

Today (16-August-2018) a magnitude 3,5 earthquake took place in Bárðarbunga volcano. At the moment this is just a single earthquake with no aftershocks.


Earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga (green star). Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

It is possible that this is all the earthquake activity that is going to happen in Bárðarbunga volcano for the next few hours to days.

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Minor earthquake swarm in Bárðarbunga volcano

Today (1-August-2018) at 07:08 UTC an earthquake with magnitude 3,7 happened in Bárðarbunga volcano. Second largest earthquake had a magnitude 2,9. Other earthquakes are smaller in magnitude.


Earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano (green star). Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

The source of this earthquake activity is magma. In the news today it is reported that hydrothermal activity remains high in Bárðarbunga volcano caldera rim and steam can be observed in the areas were the glacier has been melted through.

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Earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano

Today (20-July-2018) at 06:28 UTC a magnitude 3,4 earthquake was in Bárðarbunga volcano south-east part of the caldera. It was followed by several smaller earthquakes during the day. Earthquake activity is common in Bárðarbunga volcano at the moment, but rate of earthquakes happening continues to drop every 3 – 6 months. When earthquakes happen they are often larger in magnitude.


Earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano, the green star is the magnitude 3,4 earthquake. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

There is a risk of larger earthquake in next few hours to 48 hours. If nothing happens after 48 hours there is unlikely going to be a another larger earthquake happening. The magnitude that can be expected is above 4,0.

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Deep earthquake swarm south-east of Bárðarbunga volcano

Since yesterday (18-July-2018) there has been a deep earthquake swarm south-east of Bárðarbunga volcano. Earthquake swarm in this location are common and due to their depth are always the result of magma injection into the crust in this area.


Earthquake activity south-east of Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.

Most depth recorded in this earthquake swarm was 26,3 km and the shallowest was at 13,4 km depth. Error margin might be high in this location due to distance from SIL stations. Smaller earthquakes (magnitude 0,0 – 1,0) are harder to locate and give correct depth. Activity at this location is sometimes followed by a large earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano (main). That doesn’t always happen. It is not possible to know if that is going to happen now.