A small glacier flood started from Mýrdalsjökull glacier few days ago. The most risk is from sulphur gases and other gases from the glacier flood that might be concentrated in lower areas. There is also a minor risk of the flood destroying walking path bridges in the area it goes over. This glacier flood might go into Emstruá river and there is the risk of destroying walking path bridges in the area. No other risk is expected from this minor glacier flood from Mýrdalsjökull glacier. This is a normal summer release of hydrothermal water from the glacier. Happens every other year and sometimes every year.
Earthquakes between Bárðarbunga and Grímsfjall volcanoes
Today (05-July-2016) at 05:56 UTC an magnitude 3,4 earthquake took place between Bárðarbunga and Grímsfjall volcanoes.
The green star is the magnitude 3,4 earthquake between Bárðarbunga and Grímsfjall volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Iceland Met Office.
This earthquake suggests that an complication is on the way. The question here is if an interaction between Bárðarbunga volcano and Grímsfjall volcano is on the way. Since both volcanoes are preparing for an eruption. [Speculation!] All that I get from my models (in my mind, since I don’t have the computer power or the skills to make them PC friendly at the moment) is confusion. At worst a magma dyke from either Bárðarbunga volcano might enter Grímsfjall volcano or an dyke might come from Grímsfjall and enter Bárðarbunga volcano (hint: A result of either of such event is rather catastrophic eruption, even if just for a short time). What can also happen is nothing, just earthquakes and nothing more. However, increase in the earthquake activity at this location suggests that no such luck is on the way. When and if such event happens is impossible to know, what can be done is to keep monitoring, day and night. This is going to happen the when and the way it wants to happen, all that can be done as humans is to wait and see. [/Speculation!]
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Earthquake swarm north of Kolbeinsey Island
Today (05-July-2016) an earthquake swarm took place far north of Kolbeinsey Island. Earthquake activity in this area of the ocean has been increasing over the past few months. It’s unclear what is going on at the moment.
The earthquake activity north of Kolbeinsey Island. Copyright of this image belongs to Iceland Met Office.
Largest earthquakes in this swarm had the magnitude around 2,9 – 3,4. Good magnitude estimate is not possible due to the distance from the SIL network. What exactly is going on at this location is unclear. I do not rule out any eruption activity at this location when earthquake swarms take place. This might also just be normal earthquake swarm without any eruption connection. The depth of the ocean at this location is around 3 – 5 km.
Deep earthquakes in root of Eyjafjallajökull volcano
Today (30-June-2016) three earthquakes took place in the root system of Eyjafjallajökull volcano I think. The most depth for those earthquakes was 14,3 km and the most shallow one 1,3 km. The largest magnitude was 1,1 the other two earthquakes had the magnitude of 0,7. Nothing to worry about magnitude wise.
The earthquake activity close to Eyjafjallajökull volcano (three yellow dots). Copyright of this image belongs to Iceland Met Office.
Eyjafjallajökull volcano extends to this area, however at this area there are no surface craters. If there where they are long lost due to erosion. Unlike many other volcanoes, Eyjafjallajökull volcano does not have an extensive fissure swarm extending outwards for it, that should limit the path the magma can travel in theory. While I am not expecting any type of eruption from Eyjafjallajökull volcano in near future. If this earthquake activity continues I might have to review that outlook. I don’t expect this earthquake activity to continue, since next eruption in Eyjafjallajökull volcano won’t happen (based on my model) until the year 2199 at the earliest.
It is also question of this earthquake activity belongs to Vestmannaeyjar volcano system. Over the past few years deep earthquakes have been taking place there at regular time. Not many, just one or two at the time.
Something is going on in Bárðarbunga volcano
This is little short on details as of yet. There is clearly something going on in Bárðarbunga volcano. I don’t know what at the moment, several earthquakes have appeared, the strongest one with the magnitude of 4,0 so far. I’ll post more updates soon as I know more.
The earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Met Office.
No volcanic harmonic tremor has been seen as of yet. That means no eruption for the moment.
Bárðarbunga volcano continues to inflate, gas readings unchanged
According to news report on Vísir.is (Icelandic), it appears that Bárðarbunga volcano is continuing to inflate at the same rate as it has been doing since the eruption ended in Holuhraun in the end of February 2015. Gas measurements from cauldrons that formed on the caldera rim during the eruption in 2014 show that gas output from Bárðarbunga volcano have not dropped during the last year and continue to be high. The glacier drop that formed during the eruption is now almost full of new glacier and snow from last winter. Nothing suggest that water has been collecting at the caldera bottom during the last two years.
The research trip to Bárðarbunga volcano was taken during the days of 3 – 10th of June. A new seismometer was also installed on the caldera rim. I don’t know if it’s a SIL station or not. If it is, it is going to appear soon on Iceland Met Office website.
Deep earthquake activity in Katla volcano
Today (23-June-2016) a deep earthquake swarm took place in Katla volcano. None of the earthquakes that took place where strong, but many of them where deep. The deepest earthquake had the depth of 28 km, at this depth it’s only magma that creates earthquakes.
The earthquake activity in Katla volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Iceland Met Office.
Other interesting feature that showed up is a dyke intrusion in the caldera wall to the south, it is located almost directly north of Vík í Mýrdal village. This dyke intrusion appeared in 2011 after the minor eruption in July that year (this is my view, at the moment it has not been approved by scientists). It is unclear how this dyke intrusion is evolving, but there might be some risk of eruption from it if the pressure increases. Currently there is nothing that suggests an eruption is about to happen.
Minor earthquake swarm on the Reykjanes peninsula
Today (21-June-2016) a minor earthquake swarm took place on Reykjanes Peninsula, this earthquake swarm was located close to a mountain called Keilir. This was not a large earthquake swarm, around 20 earthquakes took place.
The earthquake swarm on the Reykjanes peninsula. The earthquakes are the red dots. Copyright of this image belongs to Iceland Met Office.
None of the earthquakes that took place was strong, with the largest earthquake only having the magnitude of 2,2. Other earthquakes that took place had smaller magnitude. This earthquake activity appears to have died out (for now at least).
Increased activity in Öræfajökull volcano noticed
It has been noticed that earthquake activity in Öræfajökull volcano is slowly increasing. At the moment this increase is just in the form of minor earthquakes taking place in the volcano at 5 – 10 km depth (at the moment). This was covered in a Icelandic news two days ago (when this is written), the volcanologist in the news (Páll Einarsson) says this is nothing to worry about at the moment, that I agree with, mostly, he also put forward that idea this process, if it evolves into an eruption might take up to 18 years from start to finish, as was the case with Eyjafjallajökull volcano. This is where I disagree with the professor Páll Einarsson, the reason being that this process already started good 10 years ago, I also suspect that Öræfajökull volcano to be a volcano that erupts suddenly and with a lot of force once it does erupt.
The eruption in the year 1362 had the VEI of 5 and the eruption in 1727 had the explosive force of VEI=4. Both eruptions lasted several months. Öræfajökull volcano only makes ash rich, explosive eruptions, based on latest historical data and studies into the volcano history. The processes that power Öræfajökull volcano might also be different, since there is an slab of old continental crust (study: Continental crust beneath southeast Iceland) under Öræfajökull volcano, that is slowly melting due the nearby hotspot. This means the magma is mostly silica, not far from the magma found in volcanoes found at subduction zones around the world.
There is also a second volcano this same area that has been showing sign of increased activity. That volcano is called Esjufjöll, it has even less understood activity (if any) since people moved to Iceland ~1300 years ago. There is a chance of an unconfirmed eruption in the year 1927, but it didn’t last long, maybe up to five days, it was mostly noted due a glacier flood from the area this volcano is located (small according to historical documents).
Earthquake on the Reykjanes ridge
Today (15-June-2016) at 12:51 UTC an earthquake with the magnitude of 3,3 took place at Reykjanes ridge.
The earthquake on the Reykjanes ridge. Copyright of this image belongs to Iceland Met Office.
Only one earthquake happened and no other activity has appeared on the Reykjanes ridge following this event. There is a good chance that no further activity is going to take place in this area for the moment.