Volcano – Page 102 – Iceland geology

October 15, 2013October 15, 2013

New earthquake swarm on Reykjanes peninsula and Reykjanes ridge

Today (15-October-2013) at 01:43 UTC a new earthquake swarm started on Reykjanes peninsula and Reykjanes ridge. So far the largest earthquake has the magnitude of 2,5. At the moment no larger earthquakes have taken place. This earthquake swarm is currently ongoing, but the rate of earthquakes has dropped over the day and is currently low.

The earthquake swarm on the Reykjanes peninsula. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

The earthquake swarm on the Reykjanes ridge. It’s just off the coast. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

This area of the Reykjanes has been seeing a lot of activity in recent days and its possible that more earthquake activity is going to take place at this location in next few days to months.

Blog post updated at 21:42 UTC.

October 13, 2013October 13, 2013

Earthquake swarm on the Reykjanes peninsula

Today at 01:11 UTC (13-October-2013) an earthquake swarm started on the Reykjanes peninsula. Early in this earthquake it was just minor earthquakes until 07:34 UTC an earthquake with magnitude 4,8 took place on the Reykjanes peninsula. Before the strongest earthquake took place, an magnitude 3,4 and 3,5 took place. Several earthquakes with magnitude above 3,0 took place following the main earthquake. The strongest earthquake was felt over an wide area, from Vík í Mýrdal to Hólmavík in north-west Iceland. Far as I know no damage did take place following this earthquake.

The earthquake swarm on the Reykjanes peninsula. Green stars mark earthquakes with magnitude above 3,0. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

This earthquake did appear clearly on all of my geophone stations in Iceland. They can be viewed here.

The magnitude 4,8 earthquake on the Eyrarbakki geophone station. The earthquake signal is strongest on this geophone station and clearly tops the sensor it self, it can be seen how the signal goes above the maximum line on the geophone image. This image is released under Creative Commons licence. Please see CC Licence page for more details on this licence.

The magnitude 4,8 earthquake at Heklubyggð geophone station. This image is released under Creative Commons licence. Please see CC Licence page for more details on this licence.

The magnitude 4,8 earthquake at Böðvarshólar geophone station. This image is released under Creative Commons licence. Please see CC Licence page for more details on this licence.

The magnitude 4,8 earthquake at Skeiðflöt geophone station. The earthquake did appear clearly even if the noise level is high on that station. This image is released under Creative Commons licence. Please see CC Licence page for more details on this licence.

It is impossible to know for sure if this earthquake swarm is going to increase again. For the past few hours activity has been dropping, there is however nothing that says activity is not going to increase again. Such activity is common in this area, but it’s impossible to know for sure what happens next. At the moment there is nothing to suggest that volcano activity is the source of this activity. That might change but I think it is unlikely to be the case at the moment, regardless of what the future has in store.

October 11, 2013October 12, 2013

Source of the glacier flood in Hofsjökull volcano found

In August-2013 there was an glacier flood from Hofsjökull volcano, this glacier flood was minor and did not cause any damage. The source of this glacier flood has now been found according to Icelandic Meteorological Office. A new glacier cauldron has been found in Hofsjökull glacier, where none was before. The cauldron is around 700 meters long and about 30 – 50 meters deep. The glacier is cracked a lot around the cauldron and it’s dangerous to travel to this area because of that. The hight of this cauldron is around 1700 meters above sea level.

Hofsjökull volcano and glacier. The new glacier cauldron is located at ~64°49,5‘N; 18°52‘W. Click on the image for full resolution. Image from NASA/USGS/Icelandic Meteorological Office/Geological Department of University of Iceland (Jarðvísindastofnun Háskólans).

According to Icelandic Meteorological Office this part of the glacier has not had any glacier cauldrons before that they know of. This cauldron has the volume of 1 million cubic meters (10⁶ m³) according to Icelandic Meteorological Office. This area now has highly active hydro-thermal area and hot-springs. What formed this glacier cauldron is unclear at the moment, it was not an eruption since no such signals have been recorded from Hofsjökull volcano before or after the glacier flood in August-2013. It is also unclear if this glacier cauldron is going to create new glacier flood in the future.

Icelandic Meteorological Office announcement

Hlaup úr Hofsjökli í ágúst 2013 (vedur.is, in Icelandic)

Icelandic News

Fundu sigketil á Hofsjökli (mbl.is, Icelandic)

Blog post updated at 21:02 UTC on 11-October-2013.
Blog post updated at 01:45 UTC on 12-October-2013.

October 10, 2013

Earthquake swarm in Torfajökull volcano

Today (10-October-2013) there was an minor earthquake swarm in Torfajökull volcano. The largest earthquake in this swarm had the magnitude 2,2 and the depth of 0,4 km. Earthquakes like this are common on Torfajökull volcano and have so far not been connected with any other activity.

Earthquake swarm in Torfajökull volcano (to the north of Mýrdalsjökull glacier). Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

It is possible that more activity is going to take place in this area in the next few days to weeks. It’s unlikely that it is going to be larger than what took place today.

October 10, 2013October 11, 2013

Earthquake swarm in Eyjafjallajökull volcano

Today (10-October-2013) an minor earthquake swarm took place in Eyjafjallajökull volcano. This is the first earthquake swarm in Eyjafjallajökull volcano since the eruption stopped in May-2010 [link, Wikipedia]. This just appears to be an earthquake swarm, currently there are no signs of new magma getting into Eyjafjallajökull volcano. I am uncertain on what is creating this earthquake activity, but this might be old magma starting to move again or just stress changes in the volcano, the reason remains unclear as is. It is also important that this earthquake activity is minor, none of the earthquakes so far has reached the magnitude 2,0. The largest earthquake recorded had the magnitude 1,0 at 4,3 km depth.

Earthquake swarm in Eyjafjallajökull volcano today (10-October-2013). Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

There are no signs that any volcano activity is about to take place in Eyjafjallajökull volcano. So far it’s just earthquakes and nothing else. If this is old magma on the move there is a slight chance it might reach the surface via old transport tubes , such events would never be anything more than just minor explosion. It would not be anything like what happened in the year 2010. The only reason why this earthquakes are being detected today is because there is now a dense SIL network around Eyjafjallajökull volcano that measure it’s every earthquake and change that takes place. At the moment I doubt this is going to be anything like what happened in the 19th century eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano [link, wikipedia]. Currently there are no signs of such event is about to take place at current time. There are also no signs that show an imminent or possible eruption in Eyjafjallajökull volcano.

I do not expect anything more to happen in Eyjafjallajökull volcano. It might, but I am not expecting anything at this time of writing.

Blog post updated at 23:12 UTC on 10-October-2013.

October 8, 2013

Earthquake south of Hekla volcano

Today (08-October-2013) at 04:48 UTC an earthquake with the magnitude of 1,9 took place south of Hekla volcano, it’s depth was 7,3 km. A second earthquake took place at 04:59 UTC and had the magnitude of 0,8, it’s depth was 5,8 km. This earthquakes where not felt. It is also unclear what is creating this activity, the most likely reason is change is magma pressure inside Hekla volcano plumbing system. This does not mean an eruption is about to take place in Hekla volcano.

The earthquake south of Hekla volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

Earthquake activity in Hekla volcano has been unusually high for the past few months. Improvements have also been made on the SIL network close to Hekla volcano, this means that more smaller earthquakes have been recorded now then in the past. So far there are no signs of this connecting to an imminent eruption in Hekla volcano, the volcano has remained quiet so far and it’s unlikely to change at the moment.

September 29, 2013

Earthquake south of Hekla volcano

Tonight (28-September-2013) at 21:47 UTC an magnitude 2.0 earthquake took place south of Hekla volcano. Depth of this earthquake was 2.9 km according to automatic results from Icelandic Meteorological Office. So far no future earthquakes have been detected and there are no signs of eruption starting in Hekla volcano.

The earthquake south of Hekla volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

This is the second earthquake that takes place inside Hekla volcano system this month. Last earthquake that took place in Hekla volcano was in the main volcano in the start of September. I wrote about it here. I am not expecting any more activity, but I might be wrong since it is difficult at best to know how Hekla volcano is going to behave before an eruption. Earthquake activity at Hekla volcano appears clearly on my geophone at Heklubyggð, it can be viewed here (updated every 5 min.).

September 9, 2013

Minor earthquake swarm in Öræfajökull volcano

An minor earthquake swarm took place in Öræfajökull volcano today (09-September-2013). This was just minor earthquake activity and it was at shallow depth, just around 2.6 to 4.8 km. Largest earthquake in this swarm had the magnitude of 2.0.

Earthquake activity in Öræfajökull volcano. Öræfajökull volcano is located south-most part of Vatnajökull glacier (next to the km line on the map). Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

Earthquake activity is not common in Öræfajökull volcano and that makes this activity interesting. So far this is just earthquake activity and I am not expecting anything else to take place. More earthquakes might happen in next few days to weeks. Or nothing else might happen Öræfajökull volcano.

September 7, 2013September 7, 2013

Interesting earthquake activity in Hamarinn volcano

Over the past few days interesting earthquake activity has been taking place in Hamarinn volcano. The earthquakes have been aligning along two east-west lines. Possibly an fissure in the volcano. I am not sure why this is happening, but I did record one earthquake from Hamarinn volcano today (07-September-2013) and that trace suggests this earthquakes have there origin in magma movements in the Hamarinn volcano. That has not yet been confirmed and this might never be confirmed due to lack of data. Largest earthquake so far had the magnitude of 2.2 at the depth of 4.5 km.

Hamarinn volcano earthquake activity. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

Last eruption in Hamarinn volcano was on 11 – 12-July-2011. It was an minor eruption and I did cover it here and here. Small eruptions are common in Icelandic volcanoes just as the are in other volcanoes around the world. Before the minor eruption in the year 2011 there was several months of earthquake activity in Hamarinn volcano. The area that now has this earthquake activity is the same area that had this minor eruption in the year 2011. I do not know if current activity is an early indicator that it is going to happen again. It however cannot be ruled out currently. What can be done is to monitor current levels of activity and just wait and see what happens next.

September 6, 2013

Minor earthquake swarm in Esjufjöll volcano

Today (05-September-2013) an minor earthquake swarm took place in Esjufjöll volcano. Largest earthquake in this swarm had the magnitude of 2.2 and the depth of 4.9 km.

Earthquake swarm in Esjufjöll volcano. Esjufjöll volcano are located in south part of Vatnajökull glacier, just northeast of Öræfajökull volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

Earthquakes in this area are because of magma movement it is believed. Now there are more SIL stations in the area, so more earthquakes are being recorded. Few years ago the lowest magnitude that Icelandic Meteorological Office was able to detect in Esjufjöll volcano was magnitude 1.5 and above.

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