May 2014 – Iceland geology

May 31, 2014May 31, 2014

New study finds signs of new eruptions deep on the Reykjanes Ridge

In the Icelandic news today there is a article about new study on the deep Reykjanes Ridge. According to that that study an eruption took place deep on the Reykjanes Ridge sometimes in the past 20 years. Following this eruption a sharp and strong earthquake activity took place at this same location. No signs of this eruption where visible on the surface of the ocean. At this location the depth is around 2 to 3 km. The unnamed volcano is at around the location at 61N degree north, this makes the location around 400 to 500 km from land. The study did compare scans of the ocean floor at this location taken in the year 1994 to new ones taken in the year 2013. This newer scans clearly showed that eruptions had taken place in the time period between those scans of the ocean floor. It is not known when this eruptions took place or how large they where, or for how long they lasted. There have been earthquakes swarms at this location in the past 20 years. I don’t know if that is a sign of new eruptions at this location. It is also extremely difficult to confirm any new eruptions at this location if such event took place after last scientific study into this area.

More information in Icelandic

Sjá merki um eldgos á Reykjaneshryggnum (mbl.is, map of volcano, Icelandic)
Áður óþekkt eldgos á Reykjaneshrygg (Rúv.is, Icelandic)

Updated at 14:48 UTC.
Updated at 15:09 UTC.
Updated at 15:11 UTC.

May 29, 2014May 29, 2014

The rate of eruptions in Iceland

It is a common misconception that eruptions take place in Iceland every 4 to 5 years. That is the average number of years between eruptions. The actual picture of the eruption rate in Iceland is far from this simple. Eruption activity in Iceland happens in periods of 50 to 80 years. With long quiet periods between them that last up to 50 to 80 years. The period of high activity and low activity are about equally long according to scientific data. The longest period of quiet took place in the year 1720 to 1880, that is a quiet period of 160 years. The shortest period of quiet took place 1620 to 1720, this is a period of 100 years. The rate of eruptions during the active areas is 4 to 11 eruptions over a period of 40 years, but during the quiet period that number is 0 – 4 eruptions over a period of 40 years. In every case but one the eruptions where in Grímsfjall volcano.

Last peak in eruptions in Iceland took place in the years 1880 to 1900. Last eruption low took place in the year 1960 in Iceland. Before that this low in activity took place in the year 1820. The reason for this behaviour is that activity in the rift zone happens in jumps. It is not even activity with long quiet periods between them. [Speculation] If I use basic maths to figure out when next peak in activity is going to start, it puts it down in the year 2020. If that is going to happen is something that remains to be seen.

Reference material in Icelandic

Sigurður Steinþórsson. „Er eldvirkni á Íslandi sveiflukennd?“. Vísindavefurinn 19.7.2000. http://visindavefur.is/?id=672. (Skoðað 29.5.2014).

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May 22, 2014May 22, 2014

New earthquake swarm in Bárðarbunga volcano

On 20-May-2014 an earthquake swarm started in Bárðarbunga volcano or a continuum of an earthquake swarm that started on 16-May-2014 as I wrote about here. This earthquake swarm was rather small, with the largest earthquake only having the magnitude of 2,8 according to reviewed results from Icelandic Meteorological Office.

The earthquake swarm in Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

This earthquake swarm activity seems to be due to minor dike intrusion into Bárðarbunga volcano at this location. It does not mean an eruption is about to take place. More earthquake activity might take place this location in next days to weeks.

May 16, 2014May 16, 2014

Magnitude 3,7 earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano

Today (16-May-2014) a magnitude 3,7 earthquake took place in Bárðarbunga volcano. The source of this earthquake is not clear, but this appears to be a magma injection into Bárðarbunga volcano. Such events do happen in Bárðarbunga volcano without starting an eruption.

The magnitude 3,7 earthquake in Bárðarbunga volcano. The earthquake took place where the green star is. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

The Bárðarbunga volcano earthquake as it appeared at my geophone station in Heklubyggð. This image is released under Creative Commons Licence. Please see CC Licence for more details.

There was around 20 aftershocks following this earthquake. Largest automatic magnitude was 2,6, but strongest reviewed earthquake activity so far had the magnitude of 2,5. More earthquake activity is most likely going to continue in this area. Earthquakes with this or stronger magnitude cannot be ruled out from happening. There is currently nothing suggesting that this is other then just normal earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano.

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May 15, 2014May 15, 2014

Minor earthquake swarm in Kverkfjöll volcano

Today (14-May-2014) a minor earthquake swarm took place in Kverkfjöll volcano. Earthquake activity is not common in Kverkfjöll volcano, but it does happen once in a while. This does not mean the volcano is about to erupt, this was just an earthquake swarm taking place. No earthquake reached the magnitude 2,0 in this earthquake swarm.

The earthquake swarm in Kverkfjöll volcano (red dots at north-east part of Vatnajökull glacier). Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

There are no clues to why this earthquake swarm took place. This might have been a magma injection in the volcano, or this might just have been a change in the highly active hydrothermal areas in the volcano. There was no change at all in harmonic tremors in the volcano during this earthquake swarm. Kverkfjöll web-camera can be found here, it has however not updated since 1-May-2014. I am not sure if this means anything for Kverkfjöll volcano, as such I am just waiting too see what happens next in Kverkfjöll volcano.

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May 14, 2014

New earthquake swarm in Herðubreið

Yesterday (14-May-2014) an earthquake swarm started in Herðubreið, after an earthquake swarm in Heruðbreiðartögl dropped in activity. Both earthquake swarms are currently active. The earthquake activity however drops between as the swarm activity picks up.

The earthquake swarm in Herðubreið and Herðubreiðartögl. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

Most of this earthquakes had the magnitude smaller then magnitude 2,0. There was one magnitude 2,4 earthquake in this swarm. Over 100 earthquakes where recorded during this swarm. It remains unclear what is creating this earthquake swarm. It might just be tectonic stresses in Herðubreið and nearby area, or this might be magma injection. So far there is nothing suggesting that an eruption is going to take place at this location.

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May 12, 2014

Update on Herðubreiðartögl earthquake swarm 12-May-2014

This is the last update on the Herðubreiðartögl earthquake swarm for now.

During the weekend the earthquake activity in Herðubreiðartögl has been dropping in both magnitude and number of earthquakes taking place. No earthquake with magnitude 2,0 or stronger took place during the weekend.

The earthquake activity in Herðubreiðartögl. Also in this picture, earthquake activity in Bárðarbunga volcano. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

Earthquake activity has not stopped at Herðubreiðartögl, it might increase again. For the moment it has slowed down and is now at the levels it is not necessary for me to post regular updates on what is taking place. If any major change happens in Herðubreiðartögl I am going to post information about it.

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May 11, 2014May 12, 2014

Magnitude 3,8 earthquake on the Reykjanes Ridge [Updated]

Today (11-May-2014) at 01:57 UTC a magnitude 3,6 earthquake took place in the Reykjanes volcano on the Reykjanes ridge. Depth of this earthquake was 11,6 km and there have not been any reports that this earthquake was felt.

The magnitude 3,6 earthquake is the green star closest to land on this map. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

There has been constant earthquake activity in this part of the Reykjanes ridge for the past two weeks (about 17 days so far). This activity has however remained minimal with few earthquakes reaching the magnitude above 2,0. There has been increase and decrease in the during this time as expected. I reported an earthquake swarm in this area on 27-April-2014, on 13-April-2014 an minor earthquake swarm took place on the Reykjanes ridge (no earthquakes above 3,0), I wrote about it here.

Other dates of earthquake activity in this area are 4-April-2014 as can be seen here. There seems to have been close to continues earthquake activity on the Reykjanes ridge during the month of April and May. I am not sure why that it is, but this might be related to magma movements in this area, so far there is nothing to suggest an eruption is going to take place in this area. I expect earthquake activity to continue in this part of the Reykjanes ridge. All larger earthquakes are going to appear clearly on my geophone network, its website can be found here.

Update 1: New magnitude has been issued for the earthquake on the Reykjanes ridge that took place yesterday (11-May-2014). The new magnitude is 3,8 with the depth of 11,5 km. Two magnitude 3,1 earthquake also took place at the same time (01:55 and 01:59 UTC) at the same location.

The green stars show the magnitude 3,8 earthquake, along with the magnitude 3,1 earthquakes at the same location. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

New earthquake activity has taken place at Reykjanes ridge today, so far no earthquake has the magnitude above 3,0 according to automatic results from Icelandic Meteorological Office. I am expecting more earthquake activity to take place at this location. Earthquake activity at this location is not continuous and has short and long breaks in them. Earthquakes larger than magnitude 2,5 appear clearly on my webicorders and can be viewed here.

Updated at 17:19 UTC.

May 10, 2014May 10, 2014

Magnitude 3,2 earthquake in south Langjökull volcano

Today (10-May-2014) at 10:42 UTC an magnitude 3,2 earthquake took place in south part of Langjökull volcano. Few aftershocks have taken place following this earthquake, but there are no signs of an earthquake swarm is going to take place. This earthquake does not appear to have been felt in nearby areas.

The earthquake in south Langjökull volcano. The green star marks the location of the magnitude 3,2 earthquake. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

The magnitude 3,2 earthquake as it did appear on my Böðvarshólar geophone station. This image is released under Creative Commons Licence. Please see CC Licence page for more details.

Earthquakes do happen in this area once in a while. Earthquake swarms are not common in this area. Other then this earthquake, everything appears to be quiet in Langjökull glacier. It is possible to see the earthquake on my webicorders here.

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Updated at 16:24 UTC.

May 9, 2014May 9, 2014

Update on earthquake swarm in Herðubreiðartögl on 9-May-2014

This is a short update for the earthquake swarm in Herðubreiðartögl on the 9-May-2014.

For the past 24 hours there has been drop in activity and no earthquake has been over magnitude 2,0. Activity continues but a lot lower levels then before. It does not look like it is over at this point, but the end of this soon to be seven day earthquake swarm in this area.

The earthquake swarm in Herðubreiðartögl as it was today. It can be seen that earthquake activity was at lot lower levels today then yesterday (08-May-2014) or the days before that. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

This can also be seen in the tracer on Icelandic Meteorological Office website. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

This drop in activity can also be seen in drop in the harmonic tremor plots in Askja. Fewer earthquakes means less earthquake related noise on the harmonic tremor plot (2-4Hz blue line). Not all of the activity that appears here is from Herðubreiðartögl, some of it is from SISZ and Reykjanes ridge activity. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

The drumplot from Icelandic Meteorological Office also show this drop in activity. Some of the activity that appears is from Reykjanes Ridge. Copyright of this image belongs to Icelandic Meteorological Office.

None of this earthquake activity is strong enough to appear on my geophones. Since earthquakes at Herðubreiðartögl need to be at least magnitude 3,0 or larger to appear clearly on my geophones. My webicorders website can be found here, it shows all earthquakes that are taking place in Iceland and are large enough to appear on it. Its mostly earthquakes larger then magnitude 3,0 that are currently taking place (when this written).

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Updated at 20:11 UTC.

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